Goat Breeds on the Homestead: Choosing the Right Goat Breed

Adding the right goat breed to your homestead can be a game-changer, providing milk, meat, companionship, and/or natural landscaping assistance. However, choosing the breed that fits your unique needs is important to ensure your goals align with what your goat can provide.

Whether you’re looking for dairy producers, hardy meat goats, or low-maintenance companions, stick around! This guide will help you make an informed decision to enhance your homesteading experience.

I. Understanding Your Homestead Needs

Now that you’re gearing up for goats on your homestead, let’s talk about understanding what your land and aspirations need. Choosing the right goat breed is like finding the right tool for the job, but in this case, the tools are living, and breathing, and come with their own set of charming personalities!

Assessing Available Space for Goats

First things first: Evaluate the size and layout of your land to determine how much room you can dedicate to your goats.

Goats require a lot of space to roam, graze, and play. Don’t get me wrong, they don’t need sprawling acres. However, on average each goat needs at least 200 square feet for the best results. In addition, a secure, well-fenced area with shelter is also important to keep them safe and comfortable.

Consider whether your space allows for rotational grazing, which can improve pasture health and keep your goats nourished.

Identifying the Primary Purpose of Keeping Goats

Now, it’s time to talk goals! Ask yourself, what you are looking for from your goats.

Are you dreaming of fresh milk, meat, companionship, land clearing– or maybe, just maybe you’re picturing yourself knitting a sweater from the fleece of your very own goat?

Identifying your primary goal will help narrow down the best breeds for your homestead. For example, Nubians are excellent for milk production, while Boer goats are prized for their meat. Fiber goats like Angoras may be perfect if you’re interested in the crafting side of goat keeping.

Goat Breed Climate Considerations

The climate of your homestead plays a significant role in selecting the right breed. Some goats, like Kikos, thrive in hot, humid conditions, while others, like Cashmeres, are well-suited for cold climates. Consider the breed’s tolerance to local weather conditions and go from there.

This isn’t such a big deal as long as you prepare for the weather: give them somewhere to escape the heat and sun and keep them warm and cozy in the cold.

Understanding your homestead needs is the first step in finding the breed that’ll not only fit but flourish in your little corner of the world.

II. Popular Goat Breeds and Their Characteristics

Now that we’ve got our homestead needs out of the way, let’s get to the point of the post. This is where we decide which goat breed is right for our homesteading needs, which we figured out above.

Dairy Goat Breed

1. Nubian:

• Description: Nubian goats are a beloved breed known for their long, floppy ears, and distinctive Roman noses. These medium-to-large goats are usually sought after for their milk. Females can get up to 135 lbs and males 175 lbs full grown.

• Climate: Nubians are a hardy breed that can adapt to various climates, though they do prefer warmer environments.

• Milk Production: They are known for their rich and creamy milk that’s high in butterfat. That means it’ll be perfect for your morning latte -OR- homemade soaps that your family and friends will adore.

• Temperament: These goats are friendly and outgoing – in fact, they might just chat your ear off. They are a very loving breed and will attach themselves to you quickly.

2. Saanen:

• Description: These large, white goats originate from the Saanen Valley in Switzerland and are often referred to as the “Holsteins of the goat world” because of their consistent and abundant milk yield. Like Nubians, they are rather large and considered the largest of the dairy breeds.

• Climate: Saanens are highly adaptable to different climates but prefer cooler environments due to their light-colored coats.

• Milk Production: High-volume milk producers make them one of the top dairy breeds. As a matter of fact, they can produce up to 3 gallons per day, so if you’re looking for milk producers, this could be the goat for you!

• Temperament: Calm, docile, and intelligent – these goats bring a serene presence to your homestead. If you’re looking for a hardworking, gentle goat with a calm demeanor, Saanens are the perfect addition to your homestead.

3. Alpine:

• Description: Originating from the French Alps, these medium-to-large goats come in a variety of coat colors and patterns, adding visual diversity to your herd. This breed is similar in size to the 1st two weighing anywhere from 135-170 lbs.

• Climate: Alpines thrive in a range of climates, so they’re good for just about anywhere!

• Milk Production: Their milk is not only plentiful but also has a balanced flavor, ideal for drinking, cheese-making, and other dairy products.

• Temperament: Alpines are playful and curious – perfect for bringing joy to the homestead.

4. Nigerian Dwarf:

• Description: Small in size but overflowing with charm and impressive productivity. They usually weigh between 40-60 lbs so they are a great starter for a small homestead. This is what we started with and currently have. We love our Nigerian Dwarfs!

• Climate: They’re highly adaptable to various climates. Here in Arkansas, we have all 4 seasons and ours do just fine.

• Milk Production: Despite their small size, Nigerian Dwarfs produce surprisingly rich, sweet milk with a high butterfat content, making it perfect for crafting cheese, butter, and soap. They produce up to 2 quarts a day but their milk contains 10% more protein and butterfat than other dairy goats.

• Temperament: Friendly and playful – wonderful companions for families. Get ready for some laughs watching these shorties run around playing all day. Not to mention they’re amazing with children.

Whether you opt for the elegance of Saanens, the vibrancy of Alpines, the robustness of Nubians, or the charm of Nigerian Dwarfs, each goat breed brings its unique flair to the homesteading stage.

Meat Goat Breed

1. Boer:

• Description: They’re a visually striking goat breed with white bodies and red/brown heads. Also muscular and robust, males can get up to 251 lbs. and females 207 lbs.

• Climate: This goat breed is originally from South Africa so they are well adapted to hot and dry climates. However, they are hardy enough to thrive in a variety of environments when you give them the proper care.

• Growth Rate: Boers have gained global recognition for their excellent growth rate and high meat yields making them one of the best goat breeds for meat production.

• Foraging: These goats are excellent foragers. That means you can utilize this breed for multiple purposes on your homestead and reduce the cost of feed since a large part of their diet is consumed while foraging.

2. Kiko:

• Description: Kiko goats are a hardy and resilient breed originally developed in New Zealand for meat production. They are also known for their rapid growth, strong mothering instincts, and calm temperament

• Climate: They do great in climates with high humidity or variable conditions, thanks to their natural resistance to parasites and diseases.

• Growth Rate: Efficient growth with a focus on natural foraging, makes them a perfect sustainable meat option.

• Foraging: Similar to Boers, Kiko goats are excellent foragers, capable of thriving on brushy or less-than-ideal pasture, which reduces feed costs.

3. Spanish:

• Description: Also known as the “brush goat” or “scrub goat,” this is a breed known for its adaptability, hardiness, and versatility. They are medium to large in size with a distinctive appearance, often characterized by a varied coat color and unique markings.

• Climate: this breed is a versatile and resilient breed known for their ability to thrive in harsh conditions. Originating from goats brought to the Americas by early Spanish explorers, they have adapted over centuries to rugged terrain and limited resources, making them an excellent choice for homesteaders in hot and arid climates.

• Foraging: Exceptional foragers, well-suited for clearing brush, reducing invasive plant species, and maintaining the homestead landscape.

• Temperament: Spirited and resourceful – they bring liveliness to the homestead show.

Fiber Goat Breed

1. Angora:

• Description: The Angora is a distinctive breed known for its fleece, or mohair, a silky and highly sought-after material popular in the textile industry. Originating in Turkey, Angoras are characterized by their long, curly, and lustrous coats, making them a valuable fiber-producing breed.

• Climate: They’re best suited for mild to cooler climates with low humidity because their thick coats can cause them to overheat in hot, humid environments. Because of this, they require shade and plenty of water in warmer regions. In colder climates, their coats provide natural insulation, but like any other breed, they need shelter during wet or extreme winter weather.

• Fiber Quality: Produces luxurious mohair, ideal for spinning into lovely fabrics.

• Grooming: They require regular shearing (twice a year) and a nutritional diet to maintain their fiber quality.

2. Cashmere:

• Description: This breed is highly valued for its fine and soft undercoat, and produces the coveted cashmere wool which is exceptionally warm and soft. Originating from the Himalayan region of Kashmir, these medium-sized goats vary in appearance but are usually solid colors like white, brown, or gray.

• Climate: They do well in cold, dry climates and typically thrive in regions with harsh winters since their undercoats develop best in cold conditions.

• Fiber Quality: Produces cashmere wool, which is known for its warmth, softness, and lightweight feel.

• Grooming: Requires a bit of royal treatment with regular brushing and care during shedding seasons to collect the fine undercoat. Their low-maintenance grooming and adaptability make them a practical choice for fiber-focused homesteads.

3. Pygora:

• Description: Pygora goats are a cross between Pygmy and Angora goats, resulting in a small, manageable breed with a mix of traits. They weigh between 65-95 pounds, so they’re a great option for those with limited space. They come in various colors and have a soft, curly coat.

• Climate: This breed is hardy and adapts well to different climates, but because of their small size, they need a good sturdy shelter in extreme weather.

• Fiber Quality: They produce a blend of mohair and cashmere, combining the best of both worlds.

• Grooming: Regular shearing is required to maintain the quality of their fleece. The fiber can be spun into yarn for various textiles, like clothes and accessories.

III. Choosing the Right Goat Breed: Considerations for Beginners

Life will be so much easier if you make choices that align with your comfort level and aspirations, so here are a few things to consider.

Beginner-Friendly Goat Breed

Navigating the specifics of goat care can be a learning curve, but that’s OK! Some breeds are particularly well-suited for beginners. Some beginner-friendly breeds include Nigerian Dwarf, Pygmy, Alpine, Saanen, and Boer. These breeds usually exhibit docile temperaments, which makes them more manageable and enjoyable for those still getting the hang of the homesteading life.

Learning Curve for Goat Care and Management

Homesteading is a journey of continuous learning, and goat care is no exception. Consider the learning curve associated with different breeds. Some breeds may require more attention or specialized care, while others are known for their adaptability and resilience.

Availability and Support from Local Breeders or Communities

Having a support system is priceless, especially for a beginner. Consider the availability of your chosen breed in your local area. Having local breeders or a supportive homesteading community (even if it’s online) can be a great resource for advice and guidance.

IV. Health Considerations

Ensuring the well-being of your goats is vital to a successful and sustainable homestead. So in this section, we’ll explore health considerations that every responsible homesteader should keep in mind.

Common Health Issues

Goats, like any other animals, can face specific health challenges. Being aware of common health issues, such as parasites, respiratory issues, and hoof problems, equips you to take proactive measures for prevention and prompt intervention when needed.

Goat Breed-Specific Health Considerations

Different breeds may have specific health considerations based on their characteristics and genetic predispositions. Understanding these breed-specific health factors allows you to tailor your care routine to the unique needs of your chosen breed so be sure to do your homework and have all your ducks in a row so you are prepared for the new addition to your homestead.

Importance of Preventive Care

Prevention is key to maintaining a healthy herd. Implementing a robust preventive care regimen, including, parasite control, and routine health checks, goes a long way in ensuring the longevity and vitality of your goats.

Health considerations are fundamental to the well-being of your homestead companions. As stewards of these remarkable animals, let us embrace a holistic approach to their health, fostering a thriving and harmonious partnership between humans and goats.

V. Local Regulations and Zoning

Before you welcome goats onto your homestead, it’s crucial to be aware of and adhere to local regulations and zoning laws. Let’s explore why this step is essential for a smooth and legal homesteading experience.

Checking Local Ordinances and Regulations

Local ordinances and regulations vary, and some areas may have specific rules governing the ownership of goats. Check with your local government, county, or municipality to understand the regulations. This includes considerations such as how many you can have, setback requirements, and any permit or licensing processes.

Zoning Considerations for Keeping Goats on Your Property

Zoning laws play a significant role in determining what activities are allowed on your property. Verify the zoning classification of your land and understand any restrictions or requirements related to keeping livestock. Zoning considerations may affect aspects such as the size of the goat enclosure, proximity to property lines, and allowable land use.

In the following section, we’ll dive into the financial aspects of goat ownership, including initial purchase costs and ongoing expenses. Understanding the financial commitment is crucial for planning a sustainable homestead.

VI. Cost of Ownership

Of course, owning goats comes with its financial responsibilities. In this section, we’ll break down the costs associated with goat ownership, allowing you to plan and budget effectively for a thriving and sustainable homestead.

Initial Purchase Costs

When bringing goats onto your homestead, the first thing to think about is their initial purchase cost. Prices can vary widely depending on the goat’s breed, age, and purpose. For example, a standard dairy goat like a Nubian or Saanen might cost between $150 and $500, while a registered show-quality goat or a fiber goat like an Angora may cost you more. Meat breeds such as Boers or Kikos can also have much higher prices depending on their lineage and size.

To make the best choice, research local breeders, ask about health certifications, and compare costs. Remember, investing in healthy, well-cared-for goats upfront can save you money in vet bills down the road.

Ongoing Costs Related to Feed, Healthcare, and Shelter

Goats, like any animal, have ongoing expenses that contribute to their well-being. These include:

1. Feed Costs:
   • Feed is one of the most significant costs, with goats requiring a mix of quality hay, grain (if needed), and minerals. Depending on your setup, expect to spend $10–$20 per goat per month on feed alone. If your goats don’t forage, it may be a little higher per month but not too expensive.
2. Healthcare Costs:
   • Think of things like routine deworming, vaccinations (if you opt for those), and occasional veterinary visits. These can add up, costing around $50–$150 annually per goat. Emergency vet care may cost more, so it’s wise to budget for unexpected situations. You can save money by learning to handle routine care like deworming and hoof trimming yourself, which also helps you stay more in tune with your goats’ health.
   • If you’re like us and choose not to vaccinate, focusing on natural herd health management practices, such as proper nutrition, clean living conditions, and regular herbal deworming, can help maintain your goats’ well-being.
3. Shelter and Infrastructure Costs:
   • Creating a suitable living environment involves building or maintaining shelters, fencing, and other infrastructure. Factor in the costs of materials and labor for constructing and maintaining these essential elements. Building a shelter doesn’t have to break the bank—many goat owners save money by repurposing materials or constructing simple, functional DIY shelters tailored to their land and herd size.

Long-Term Considerations and Budgeting

Goat ownership is a long-term commitment. It’s important to consider the overall budget for maintaining your herd over the years. Factor in not only the recurring expenses but also potential one-time investments in improvements to your homestead infrastructure. If you opt to go the DIY route you will save money in the long run.

When you understand the financial aspects, you can properly plan and ensure the well-being of your goats and the sustainability of your homestead.

VII. Time to Choose Your Goat Breed

Congratulations on reaching the end of our guide to choosing the right breed for your homestead! As you embark on this exciting journey, armed with knowledge about your homestead needs, popular breeds, and essential considerations, you’re well-prepared to make informed decisions.

And remember, selecting the right goat breed is like choosing companions for a long and fruitful adventure. No matter your homestead’s unique needs, there’s a breed perfectly suited for your aspirations.

Here’s a quick recap:

1. Understanding Your Homestead Needs:
   • Assess available space, identify the primary purpose of keeping goats, and consider climate considerations to tailor your choice to your unique homestead.
2. Popular Goat Breeds and Their Characteristics:
   • Explore the characteristics of dairy, meat, and fiber goat breeds, including their temperament, production capabilities, and suitability for beginners.
3. Considerations for Beginners:
   • Opt for a beginner-friendly goat breed with manageable learning curves, and seek support from local breeders or communities to ease into the world of goat-keeping.
4. Health Considerations:
   • Be aware of common health issues, breed-specific health considerations, and the importance of preventive care to ensure the well-being of your herd.
5. Local Regulations and Zoning:
   • Check local ordinances and zoning laws to ensure compliance with regulations related to goat ownership on your homestead.
6. Cost of Ownership:
   • Plan for initial purchase costs, ongoing expenses for feed and healthcare, and long-term budgeting to sustain a healthy and thriving herd.

As you embark on this homesteading adventure, we invite you to share your experiences, ask questions, and connect with the homesteading community. Your journey is unique, and your insights can inspire and guide fellow homesteaders.

Feel free to share your thoughts and experiences in the comments below or connect with fellow homesteaders in your community. Happy homesteading!